Reseach
Our research project aims at "the society implementation of the wheat
breeding system" that Afghanistan is able to achieve sustainable food
production by themselves. The project research team from Japan consists
of Kihara Institute for Biological Research(Yokohama City University),
RIKEN Plant Science Center, Arid Land Research Center of Tottori University.
From Afghanistan, Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock is
joining this project. Also, we are connected with international organization
team such as CIMMYT Mexico and ICARDA Syria to further proceed this project.
Ⅰ. Development of breeding material and breeding technology for Afghanistan
1．Evaluation of variability of Afghanistan wheat genetic resource
To construct the breeding system, to secure the superior breeding material,
to develop the breeding technology and to build the seed bank to manage
the genetic resource are indispensable. In Kihara Institute for Biological
Research, we have preserved 500 lines of Afghan native species gathered
by the late Dr. Hitoshi Kihara.Among these Afghan lines, there is a possibility
to have "a character which is appropriate for the regional environment
of Afghanistan".We are proceeding to develop the breeding materials
which has an agricultural characteristic appropriate for cultivation in
Afghanistan, and also to develop the breeding technology which enables
an efficient breeding.
2．Development of breeding usage technology for wheat genetic resource with
high tolerance against difficult environment
In Af Afghanistan, they have no sufficient irrigation equipment like ours in
Japan, and the fertilizers are not supplied enough.Under these circumstances, we
need to develop a new wheat kind which can be expected an enough harvest under
the difficult environment by finding the system which has an excellent tolerance
line from our genetic resources.We are proceeding to setup the system which
selects the lines having tolerance efficiently even in Afghanistan where the the
physical supply is not enough. Also, we are proceeding to setup an indispensable
DNA marker which is necessary for an efficient race development.
3．Development of new wheat breeding material which introduces potential
ability of wild relatives
In the wild species and the related species of wheat, there is(are) a seed which
has an excellent tolerance that cultivated wheat species doesn't have.For
instance, Hordeum bulbosum -a related race of barley, it gets through the
unsuitable growth period by forming an organization like a bulb.Also, a sea lyme
grass -a wild relative of wheat, it has high tolerance of salinity growing
naturally in the coast, and has an ability to control the nitric acid
transformation action in the soil.It is expected to lead to the development of
crops which have an excellent environmental tolerance by introducing such wheat
relative's excellent character into wheat of the cultivated
species.
4．Maintenance and breeding use for Afghan wheat genetic resource
To construct the breeding system, it is indispensable to breed human who
will be a leader to breed wheat with high technique and knowledge in Afghanistan
in the future. In this project, we acquire the current status of the wheat
genetic resource in Afghanistan. To maintain and to use it effectively,
we execute the systematic genetic resource and breeding investigation research
by joint research with MAIL and Kabul University. We also promote the maintenance
of the gene bank of the wheat genetic resource and human breeding of whom
they will maintain the genetic resource in the future.
II. Characteristic clarification of wheat genetic resource with using the latest technology
1．Measurement of configuration connects to the amount necessary for Afghan race
development
We measure three dimension data of precise seed shape with X rays CT device,
and clarify the seed shape in native species and the wild relative system
of Afghan wheat. We execute the correlation analysis of the expression
type and the hereditary form in the measurement data and each system, clarify
on how cultivation environment will affect the seed shape, and also develop
the DNA marker necessary for breeding.
2．Measurement of
elemental composition necessary for Afghan race development
We construct the research infrastructure to diagnose a difficult environmental
reactiveness to the soil environment of Afghanistan using the decentralized
and X rays of energy analysis device, by analyzing the elementary composition
(K, P, and Si, etc.) of native species and the wild relative system of
Afghan wheat.We will decide the DNA maker of which accumulate a volume
of useful element useful element by using DNA multi type data, and also
execute the fenno typing based on the elementary composition.
III. Development of ability of wheat genetic resource
1．Evaluation of wheat ancestor wild race "Aegilops tauschii"
We clarify the quantitative gene seat which rules the character of the drought tolerance of wheat ancestor wild race "Aegilops tauschii", and develop
the breeding material to create the wheat kind which has an excellent difficult
environmental tolerance.
2．Breeding of high phosphorus efficiency
system
We select and analyze the system with an excellent phosphorus-use efficiency
and absorption characteristic among the different kind chromosome additive
wheat system which has already been breeded or distributed, and we also
develop the breeding material to create the wheat race of the high phosphorus
efficiency.
3．Development of sterol accumulation race necessary for
Afghan race development
In the plant sterol, there are the one which treats and prevent the metabolic
syndrome. We execute the target profilings of the plant sterols of native
species and the wild relative system of Afghan wheat, and attempt with
an excellent quality or amount of the functionality sterol. We aim at the
promotion of the rece with a high additional value which excels in the
cultivation characteristic and has the functional sterol by using the selected
system.
